Maritime transportation is a mode of transportation that can save a lot of costs, which has been widely concerned by people. If we choose to use international shipping, we will be exposed to container shipping in such a process, so we should be more aware of the relevant information。Let's take a look at the calculation method of container sea freight？
一.整箱International maritime transport费用。
To collect the freight of the whole container: one way is to charge according to the actual freight ton;Another method, which is also the most common method used at present, is to charge freight for containers according to the type of containers。
If the container used to transport the goods belongs to the shipping company，For sea freight，The carrier may, in accordance with the "container minimum usage (COntainerMinimumUtilization)" and "top container usage" (ContainerMaximumUtilization) as the foundation。
1.Calculation of the minimum utilization rate of international shipping containers。
(1) What is the minimum usage rate。
In general, when the liner guild charges the container transportation fee, it generally only calculates the tonnage of the goods in the box, and does not charge for its own weight or volume, but there is a minimum requirement for the loading utilization rate of the container, that is, the "minimum utilization rate".。
(2) The primary purpose is to minimize utilization。
The minimum utilization rate of international shipping containers is stipulated, mainly to ensure that when the tonnage (weight or volume) of the shipped goods does not meet the requirements of the provisions, it is still calculated in accordance with this minimum utilization rate as the corresponding billing unit to ensure the interests of the carrier。In general, the weight and volume of the board should be included when determining the minimum utilization rate of the container。The minimum utilization rate of containers depends mainly on the type of container。Size and the operating strategies followed by container liner companies。Naturally, in the tariff tables of some liner guilds, the minimum utilization rate of containers is usually only related to the size of the container, regardless of the type of container。
(3) Freight based on the lowest usage rate。
At present, there are three main modes of transportation based on the minimum utilization rate of containers: minimum loading capacity, minimum freight capacity and the above two mixed forms。
The minimum loading tonnage may be weight tons or body tons, or 100% of the container loading capacity (load or capacity)。Depending on the type and size of the container, the minimum load expressed in weight tons or body tons is usually different, but may be the same in some cases。However, when the minimum load is determined by a certain proportion, this proportion is generally the same for the load capacity and capacity of the container, and of course there are differences。
Minimum freight rate is the minimum amount of freight per ton or per container, also known as "minimum container freight".。
The mixture of the above two forms determines the minimum utilization rate of the container as follows:
(a) a specified percentage of container loading capacity or unit volume of containers per container or a specified minimum freight rate per container;
② Minimum weight tons or body tons plus a certain percentage of container capacity。
(4) Calculate the loss of container fee。
The owner shall pay for the total weight or volume of the goods contained in the container, which does not reach the specified minimum weight tons or body tons, and therefore the container is not fully utilized, and the owner shall pay for the loss of freight。"Derogated freight" is essentially the freight charged for less than the billed ton, that is, the difference between the specified minimum charged ton and the actual load。
Under normal circumstances, in the calculation of the loss of container costs, the highest freight rate in the box is the calculation standard。In addition, when the minimum utilization rate of containers is expressed in the form of "minimum container freight", if the number of tons of cargo in the box is multiplied by the basic freight rate, plus the relevant surcharge is still lower than the minimum container freight, the latter is calculated。
2.Calculation of the highest utilization rate of international shipping containers。
(1) What is the highest usage rate？
The maximum utilization rate of the container means that when the tonnage of the cargo in the container exceeds the specified capacity of the container (container content volume), the freight will be calculated according to the specified capacity, that is, the free freight of the excess part。
(2) Freight charges based on maximum utilization rate。
If the goods in the box have only one standard，Then charge according to the standard;If the box contains different grades of goods，In the settlement of freight，The following two approaches are usually adopted: one approach is to calculate the freight of all goods in the container according to the freight rate applicable in the container;Another approach is to calculate the goods in the container according to the value of the goods，Start with a higher rate，Until the total tonnage of the goods is equal to the specified container volume。
It should be pointed out that if the owner of the cargo does not declare the goods in the box in detail according to the requirements of the carrier, the freight is calculated according to the contents of the container, in addition, the rate is also calculated according to the maximum rate of the goods in the box。If part of the goods in the container does not have the declared quantity, the freight of the undeclared part is calculated according to the difference between the volume of the container and the freight ton of the declared goods。
(3) Maximum utilization rate。
We mainly encourage shippers to use containers to transport goods, and can make full use of the internal capacity of the container。In order to achieve this goal, in the calculation of container shipping freight, shipping companies generally specify the maximum utilization rate of containers of different specifications and types according to their internal volume conversion。
For example, a 20ft container can use a maximum of 31 cubic meters, while a 40ft container can use a maximum of 67 cubic meters。The reason for the maximum utilization is that each container has its own maximum load, so there is no weight ton, and it cannot be overweight during transportation。Therefore, under normal circumstances, there should be no overweight containers, and overweight containers should not be encouraged。
二.International shipping container freight calculation。
The calculation of container freight mainly adopts W/M method。
Freight tonnage is usually divided into weight tons (W) and size tons (M) : according to the gross weight of the commodity to 1000 kg for a weight ton;A metric ton measured in one cubic meter;The measurement standard "W/M" refers to the selection of the size of the goods according to their weight and measurement tons。The default unit rate in the theoretical community is fixed, and the single ton comparison of freight is considered more when calculating freight。
However, in the actual business, according to the weight tons and size tons, different freight forwarders often give different box assembly rates。In such cases, bivariate and tonnage group calculations should be considered at different rates。
Container rates are calculated in order of container size (40ft - 20ft)。At the same time, we should also pay attention to two aspects: First, when involving LCL, we should pay attention to W/M is the freight ton multiplied by the freight rate, according to the high freight of LCL;The second is the total freight calculation, whether it is FCL or FCL + LCL, it must be calculated according to the lowest total freight price。