Export processThe introduction of the knowledge provides the most detailed foreign trade process, to facilitate everyone to have a more thorough understanding of foreign trade, so as to better arrange and control each link in the process of doing business。
1.询盘
In other words, inquiries obtained through various foreign trade platforms, exhibitions and old customers can relate to: price, specifications, quality, quantity, packaging, shipping and sample requests, and most of them only ask for prices, which can also be called inquiries。We have a query equal to seize the corner of the customer, so if we want to reach the order, we should also respond to the customer query strategically (specifically how to query the reply, you can view and find the whole process of the article query reply)
2.报价
In the process of international trade, the first step is product quotation, also known as issuance。The quotation mainly includes: product quality grade, product specifications and models, whether the product has special packaging requirements, product purchase quantity, delivery date, product transportation mode, product materials, etc。
The usual quotations are FOB, FOB plus, CIF cost, insurance and freight, etc。
3.Sign a contract
In international trade, there is no fixed form of sales contract。This is usually a formal contract, confirmation, agreement, memorandum, order, commission order, etc。The said contract shall be deemed a contract unless a party declares that the contract shall prevail。The contract is simplified a lot without serious confirmation, agreement and memorandum。Objection claims, force majeure, arbitration and other clauses are not included, and appropriate forms should be selected according to the needs of both parties。
4.Payment method
Letter of Credit (L/C), wire transfer (T/T)/C), wire transfer (T/T) and direct payment。
① Letters of credit are divided into clean letters of credit and documentary letters of credit。A document is a letter of credit with a specified document, while a letter of credit without any documents is called a clean letter of credit。In short, a letter of credit is the proof that the exporter can get his money back。The shipment period of the export goods must be within the validity period of the L/C and the delivery date cannot be later than the validity period of the L/C。In international trade, letters of credit are mostly payment methods, and the date of issuance should be clear, clear and complete。
TT payment method TT payment method is foreign currency cash settlement, the customer will remit the funds to the foreign exchange bank account designated by your company, and can require the goods to be remitted within a certain period of time。
(3) Direct payment means direct payment between the buyer and the seller。
5.备货
Preparation actually refers to the purchase of goods or orders to the factory production of goods, by the State import and export goods inspection and quarantine Bureau inspection, otherwise can not be declared for export。
Inventory plays a very important role in the whole process of foreign trade and must be carried out in accordance with the contract。The quality, specifications, quantity and packing of the goods shall conform to the requirements of the contract or letter of credit。In addition, attention should also be paid to the arrangement of the duration of the ship to facilitate the connection between the ship and the cargo。In order to ensure quality and delivery without problems, generally speaking, foreign trade companies will send special personnel (such as tracking orders, QC) to the factory to track production and check the goods。There are also special inspection agencies (third parties) designated by foreigners, such as SGS, OMIS, BV, etc。After the production is completed, the factory should provide the packing order to the foreign trade company (i.e. how many boxes of goods, box size, weight, number of pieces, specifications, etc.)。
6.报关
After the goods are ready and the commercial inspection (most foreign trade companies transfer the commercial inspection process to a special agency) is successfully completed, the next step is to transport the goods to the customers。First of all, we should deal with the customs, that is, customs declaration, get a pass, including accepting declarations, reviewing documents, inspecting goods, taxing, customs clearance and release procedures。Documents submitted 24 hours before loading include:
① Export goods declaration form: the customs declaration form is the basic document for customs supervision and statistics of export goods。
(2) Export license: An entity with the right to export shall, within its business scope, export commodities that are not subject to license administration。
(3) Shipping bill or waybill: The shipping bill is the shipping company issued to the shipper to inform the ship's loading document。After the customs inspection and release, the customs shall affix the release seal on the loading bill or waybill and send it to the customs declarant to ship the goods for export。
④ Commercial invoice: invoice is an important basis for customs duties。
⑤ Packing list: supplement the invoice contents in detail。
After the customs completes the customs clearance procedures, the documents provided by the foreign exchange control department shall be sealed, and the foreign trade company shall settle the foreign exchange with the foreign exchange control department for verification and verification (the specific verification process will be mentioned later).。
⑦ Other relevant certificates: trade contracts, certificates of origin and other relevant certificates should be submitted by the Customs when deemed necessary。
7.货运
After customs clearance is completed, the next step is shipping。You need to charter a ship, book the space, and deliver the goods to the guests。If the contract is FOB, the customer will appoint a shipping agency (shipping company), of course, the customer will entrust the seller to help him find。Therefore, it is necessary to contact the freight forwarder as soon as possible, inform the delivery requirements, and understand the export delivery date of the export goods。
At the same time, the delivery time and delivery date of the factory must be connected on time (enter the warehouse on time) to meet the delivery date specified by the customer, and send a written warehouse notice to the freight company as soon as possible before the delivery date。When booking with the freight company, it is necessary to book the warehouse in writing (such as fax), indicating the delivery date, container type, quantity, port of destination, etc., to avoid mistakes。After loading is completed and the container has left the factory, a loading notice is required, listing the time the container has left the factory, the actual quantity loaded, etc。The packing number and seal number are used as the bill of lading information, and the factory is required to seal the container after installation。
8.提单
Documents refer to the exporter to go through the export customs clearance procedures, after the customs release, signed by the exporter, so that the importer can take delivery of goods and settlement of foreign exchange。
The signed bill of lading shall be issued in the number of copies required by the credit, usually three。Keep two copies for export, handle tax refund and other business, and send one copy to the importer for delivery procedures。The importer must collect the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice when shipping the goods (the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice must be sent by the exporter to the importer).。If the goods are shipped by air, the goods can be picked up directly by bill of lading, packing list and invoice fax。
9.结汇
After the installation of the export goods, the import and export company shall copy correctly (packing list, invoice, bill of lading, certificate of export origin, export settlement) and other documents in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit。
The presenting bank shall handle the negotiation and settlement procedures within the documentary validity period stipulated in the credit。In addition to letter of credit settlement, other payment methods generally include wire transfer (T/T), bill (D/D), mail transfer (M/T), etc。Due to the rapid development of electronization, telegraphic transfer is mainly used for remittance。
10.核销
The first is to open an account。Before the first application for the verification of export receipts (verification), the application form, import and export business approval documents approved by the foreign trade department, business license, customs registration certificate and other materials shall be submitted to the foreign exchange bureau for registration。After the review, the Foreign Exchange Bureau will handle the registration formalities for your export unit。The next step is to receive the order。Before the export business is carried out, the certificate of verification shall be obtained from the foreign Exchange Bureau with the letter of introduction and the seal card of the entity that opened the account。The verification form shall be valid for customs declaration within two months from the date of receipt of the order, and the export unit shall return the unused verification form to the foreign exchange Bureau for cancellation within one month from the date of expiration。
Finally, cancel。Within one month from the date of receipt of foreign exchange, with the verification form, the special joint form issued by the bank for the verification of export receipts and other materials (such as processing, assembly, etc.)。To the foreign exchange bureau to write off export receipts。
11.退税
After obtaining the approval of the administrative department for industry and commerce and other departments to operate import and export business, the export enterprise shall go through the tax refund registration within 30 days。After handling the tax refund registration form of the export enterprise, it shall be filled in according to the registration regulations, stamped with the official seal of the unit and the seal of the relevant personnel, and submitted to the tax authorities together with the approval documents of the right to operate the export products, the business registration certificate and other certification materials。After receiving your formal application, the tax bureau will issue the export tax refund registration form to you for processing after examining and approving it in accordance with the prescribed procedures。At the same time, the materials you need to submit generally include:
① Customs declaration form
② Commercial invoice
③ Purchase invoice (VAT invoice)
④ Bank foreign exchange settlement memo or foreign exchange receipt notice
⑤ The factory directly exports or entrusts the export of homemade products
⑥ Product tax certificate
⑦ Export receipts have been written off
Other materials related to export tax rebates。
The nature of foreign trade work determines that sales personnel need to fully grasp the customer's development, inquiry, order, shipment and foreign trade documents。In addition, only in the various business links of specialization, refinement, in order to become a real master of foreign trade。